Kazakhstan

The author uses an input-output (I-O) approach to derive internationally comparable estimates of GNP for the 15 economies of the Former Soviet Union (FSU). The commonly... Show More + accepted measure of economic output of GDP or GNP based on the System of National Accounts (SNA) cannot be readily estimated for these economies because relevant statistical reporting systems have yet to be set up to replace the system used historically - the Material Product System (MPS). The author's three-tier approach improves on the short-cut method of bridge tables (from MPS to SNA) by integrating additional financial data and using the inherent cross-checks of I-O tables. The three steps in the process are to: (1) analyze the official 20-sector MPS-type I-O tables; (2) integrate financial data on services, etc., from National Economic Balance (NEB) tables; and (3) convert the I-O table derived from the integrated NEB tables to SNA forms. The author resolves inconsistencies between Goskomstat I-O tables for the overall FSU accounts and those for the 15 individual FSU economies by drawing on data from other financial tables. The main adjustments are in inter-republic trade, which is included in individual FSU economies' I-Os, but not in the overall I-O for the FSU, and for unplanned sectors (military, police, and so on). Additional adjustments necessary to estimate GNP from net material product - such as inclusion of nonmaterial services - are explicitly shown in the appropriate I-O sectors. Appendices report details on these and other adjustments, notably the apportionment and reevaluation of inter-republic trade from internal to foreign trade prices. The end product is one in which income, output, and expenditures are estimated in a consistent SNA-type framework for the overall FSU and for the 15 individual FSU economies. These I-O tables provide the information needed for macroeconomic and sectoral analysis, and form the basis for estimating per capita GNP for these economies. The author presents the three-tier I-O tables for the FSU region as a whole in this paper, but presents only the SNA tier for individual economies. Show Less -